Kingdom of Yugoslavia, definitive issues of 1931/35: King Alexander I., facing to the left


A. Introduction

Stamps of the fourth definitive issue were designed by P. Stojičević and engraved by D. Vagner. Cliches were produced in Veinna and printed by State Printing Works in Belgrade. Stamps were printed in sheets of 100 (10×10) on protected paper with white gum, comb perforated 12½. Stamps of this issue bear the engraver’s name in Cyrillic below the frame – Д. ВАГНЕР. They were issued on the 1st of September 1931.

Stamps of the fourth definitive issue were wrongly printed with the engraver’s signature, which led to a dispute between designer Stojičević and the Ministry of Transport. Due to this event, later printings, starting from the 1st of December 1932, bear no signatures. These printing are collectively regarded as the fifth definitive issue. As Stojičević won the dispute the supplementary values of 75 para, 1.50, 1.75, and 3.50 din were printed with signatures of both the designer and the engraver: Стојичевић – Вагнер.

On 9 October 1934, King Aleksandar I of Yugoslavia was assassinated in Marseille while on a state visit to France. The so-called “Black Armband” stamps (locally known as: “Crni flor”) started to circulate on the 17th of October 1934, symbolizing mourning after the death of the late King. The way these stamps were produced resulted in many different types of black frames and made this issue one of the most interesting areas in Yugoslav philately.

B. Constant varieties

CONSTANT VARIETIES
25 para, black
No. Regular Black Armband
Д. ВАГНЕР none 1st prod. 2nd prod. 3rd prod.
I Indentation in left frame next to numeral 2, white dot between 5 and letter U in JUGOSLAVIJA.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Yugoslavia Aleksandar Karađorđević postage stamp plate flaw 25 para
Another example
Value €:- Value €:-
50 para, green
No. Regular Black Armband
Д. ВАГНЕР none 1st prod. 2nd prod. 3rd prod.
I White dot above the second letter J in JУГOCЛABИJA. Note also the colored spot above the top left corner.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Yugoslavia 1934 50p postage stamp plate flaw White dot above letter J
Another example
Value €:-
II Extensive damage on letters Г and O in JУГOCЛABИJA.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures: Novak (1948), p.201
Another example
Value €:-
III Dot on letter В in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Yugoslavia mourning stamp black frame error Dot on letter В in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА
Another example
Value €:-
1 din, red
No. Regular Black Armband
Д. ВАГНЕР none 1st prod. 2nd prod.
I The ornament below letter О in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА finishes with a downward bent hook.
Field №: 41, 52
Other nomenclatures:
Yugoslavia 1932 postage stamp plate flaw 1 d Ornament below letter О in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА finishes with a downward bent hook
Value €:-
II A white dot inside the first letter A in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА, at the top.
Field №: 72, 98
Other nomenclatures:
Yugoslavia 1932 postage stamp plate flaw White dot inside the first letter A
Value €:-
III Long white scratch above the right numeral 1.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures: Novak (1948), p.117, 118.
Yugoslavia King Alexander postage stamp plate flaw
Value €:-
IV Dot below letter O in JУГOCЛABИJA.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures: Novak (1948), p.200
Another example
Value €:-
V Horizontal white scratch between the letters G and O in JUGOSLAVIJA.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures: Novak (1948), p.200
Another example
Value €:-
1.50 din, pink
No. Regular Black Armband
Стојичевић – Вагнер 1st prod. 2nd prod. 3rd prod.
I The first letter J in JUGOSLAVIJA split.
Field №: 36, 93
Other nomenclatures: Novak (1948), p.118; Jugomarka (1991), p.38.
Value €:-
II White dot above letter Л of JУГOCЛABИJA.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Value €:-
III White dot above letter I in JUGOSLAVIJA.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Another example
Value €:-
IV White dot above the second letter A in JUGOSLAVIJA.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp plate flaw White dot above the second letter A
Value €:- Value €:-
V White dot above the first letter A in JУГOCЛABИJA.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Yugoslavia stamp error white spot above A JUGOSLAVIJA
Value €:- Value €:-
VI White dot connecting numeral 1 and the left frame.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Another example
Value €:-
VII Dot inside letter U in JUGOSLAVIJA.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Yugoslavia 1934 black frame stamp plate flaw Dot inside letter U in JUGOSLAVIJA
Another example
Value €:-
VIII Dot inside the letter O in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА and a small dot on the first letter J in JUGOSLAVIJA.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Yugoslavia 1934 postage stamp error Dot inside letter O
Another example
Value €:-
IX Dot between letters O and S in JUGOSLAVIJA.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Yugoslavia 1934 postage stamp plate flaw Dot between letters O and S in JUGOSLAVIJA
Another example
Value €:-
X One dot below and another right from the letter L in JUGOSLAVIJA.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Yugoslavia 1934 postage stamp plate flaw dots letter L in JUGOSLAVIJA
Another example
Value €:-
XI White dot above the second letter A in JUGOSLAVIJA.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Yugoslavia 1934 black frame postage stamp flaw White dot above the second A
Value €:- Value €:-
XII White line over last letter A in JУГOCЛABИJA.
Field №: 6
Other nomenclatures: Novak (1948), p.118, 201
Value €:- Value €:-
XIII A white dot between letters O and C in JУГOCЛABИJA. (Note also a black dot in the upper left corner.)
Field №: 56, 86
Other nomenclatures: Novak (1948), p.118
Yugoslavia 1934 mourning postage stamp error White dot between letters O and C
Another example
Value €:- Value €:-
XIV A white dot next to the letter И of JУГOCЛABИJA to the right side.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Another example
Value €:-
XV A white dot on the left-sided top ornament, below letters Г and О in JУГOCЛABИJA to the right side.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Value €:- Value €:-
XVI White dot below letter U in JUGOSLAVIJA.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Another example
Value €:-
XVII Big white dot above the letters G and O in JUGOSLAVIJA, white dot on the top right ornament below the letters И and Ј in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
Field №: 70, 88
Other nomenclatures: Novak (1948), p.118
Another example
Value €:-
XVIII A white dot next to the letter И of JУГOCЛABИJA in the center.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Another example
Value €:-
XIX White dot above the first letter А in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Another example.
Value €:-
3 din, slate blue
No. Regular Black Armband
Д. ВАГНЕР none 1st prod. 2nd prod.
I Grave accent above the letter G in JUGOSLAVIJA.
Field №: 70
Other nomenclatures: Novak (1948), p.118, 202
Yugoslavia 1932 postage stamp constant variety Yugoslavia 1934 mourning postage stamp Grave accent above letter G in JUGOSLAVIJA
Value €:- Value €:-
II Letter Д damaged at the bottom left.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures: Novak (1948), p.202
Value €:-
3.50 din, ultramarine
No. Regular Black Armband
Стојичевић – Вагнер 1st prod. 2nd prod.
I A horizontal line on the second letter J in JUGOSLAVIJA.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures: Novak (1948), p.118, 203
Yugoslavia mourning stamp 1934 Horizontal line on the second letter J in JUGOSLAVIJA
Value €:- Value €:-
II A white dot on the letter С and inside the letter И in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures: Novak (1948), p.118, 202
Value €:- Value €:-
4 din, orange
No. Regular Black Armband
Д. ВАГНЕР none 1st prod. 2nd prod.
I Shade on the oval ribbon (below letters ГО in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА) shaped as a square.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Another example
Value €:- Value €:-
5 din, purple
No. Regular Black Armband
Д. ВАГНЕР none 1st prod. 2nd prod.
I A white dot between the letters S and L in JUGOSLAVIJA.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures: Novak (1948), p.118, 203
Value €:- Value €:-
30 din, rose
No. Regular Black Armband
Д. ВАГНЕР none 1st prod. 2nd prod. (none) 2nd prod. Д. ВАГНЕР
I Horizontal stroke of letter Д missing.
Field №: ?
Other nomenclatures:
Value €:- Value €:- Value €:- Value €:-

C. Possible constant varieties

POSSIBLE CONSTANT VARIETIES (not mentioned in literature)
25 para, black
1 Color disturbance below letter И in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА (possibly retouching).
2 A final stroke of the letter G in JUGOSLAVIJA is prolonged. Yugoslavia 25 para stamp King Alexander with error
3 White dot above the last letter A in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА, a circle above the right-sided denomination.
4 Horizontal scratch above inner bottom frame, below letters J and U in JUGOSLAVIJA.
5 A white dot (a comma sign) between 2 and 5 in left-sided denomination.
6 Letter G in JUGOSLAVIJA is connected to the bottom frame.
7 White dot after the last letter A in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
8 White spot on King’s cheek.
9 A white spot below the left-sided numeral 5.
10 Thin scratch below the letter O and a dot between the letters A and V in JUGOSLAVIJA.
50 para, green
2 White dot below the letter C in JУГOCЛABИJA and a white dot inside the letter A of JUGOSLAVIJA.
3 White dot above the letter P next to the denomination value to the right.
4 Vertical scratch on letter П.
5 The fourth shading line on King’s collar is broken.
6 Horizontal shading line leading to the area between King’s chin and collar broken.
7 White dot above the first letter A in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
8 “Comma sign” between letters О and С in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
9 A colored dot above the last letter А in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
10 White dot inside letter O in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
75 para, slate green
1 White line between letters O and C in JУГOCЛABИJA.
3 White dot to the left of the medallion.
4 White dot above letters A and V in JUGOSLAVIJA.
5 White dot above the last letter A in JUGOSLAVIJA.
6 The top inner frame above letters У and Г is broken.
7 White circle on King’s chin.
8 A colored dot between letters А and В in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
9 A large vertical scar on King’s cheek.
Enlarged area
10 A small dot on the letter Л in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
Enlarged area
11 White dot above the right-sided denomination.
12 A white dot between the letters Ј and А in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
1 dinar, red
1 Letter Д next to the left denomination value is broken.
2 Letters J and A in JUGOSLAVIJA are connected by a thin line. Yugoslavia 1934 postage stamp error
3 Dot on ornament below letter O in ЈУГОСЛАБИЈА.
1.50 din, pink
1 Broken frame above letter B in JУГOCЛABИJA.
2 A white dot between letters У and Г of JУГOCЛABИJA.
3 White dot above letter И of JУГOCЛABИJA.
5 A white dot inside zero in denomination on the right.
6 White dot below letter V in JUGOSLAVIJA.
8 White dot below the last letter A in JUGOSLAVIJA.
9 White dot right from the first letter A in JUGOSLAVIJA.
10 White dot inside letter В of ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА, at the top
11 Letters U and G in JUGOSLAVIJA are connected by a thin line.
12 Thin scratch at the top of the second letter J in JUGOSLAVIJA.
13 A white dot on King’s chin.
14 Letter Д of left denomination touching the left frame. Note also disturbance below letters О and С in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА, probably coincidental (foreign object on a printing plate)
15 Long thin line stretching from the letter О in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА to the first letter J in JUGOSLAVIJA.
16 Dot inside letter И in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
17 Dot left from letter V in JUGOSLAVIJA.
18 Colored dot on the last letter А in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
19 A white spot below the right-sided number 5.
20 A white spot below King’s left eye.
21 A white dot on the upper part of the first vertical stroke of the letter И in ЈУГОСЛАВИИЈА.
22 A white spot above the letter U in JUGOSLAVIJA.
23 A thin horizontal line on the inner frame above the letters И and Ј in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
24 A white dot between letters А and В in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА, a pale spot between letters G and O in JUGOSLAVIJA.
26 The bottom frame above the first letter A in JUGOSLAVIJA is broken.
27 Thin crack on the top frame above the letter Л in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
28 Two horizontal background lines inside the medallion are broken.
29 A thin sloping line above the first letter A in JUGOSLAVIJA.
30 Letters IJA in JUGOSLAVIJA smudged.
31 Thin vertical line between the letters O and S in JUGOSLAVIJA.
32 White hook next to the letter L in JUGOSLAVIJA.
33 A white dot on the letter G in JUGOSLAVIJA.
34 Small white dot below the first letter A in JUGOSLAVIJA.
36 Thin white hook above letters G and O in JUGOSLAVIJA.
37 White dot after last letter А in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
38 A white dot at the bottom of the letter У in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
39 A white dot on the letter S in JUGOSLAVIJA.
40 White dot inside letter O in JUGOSLAVIJA.
41 Horizontal background lines inside the oval frame are interrupted at the top right.
42 A short white line on the left side of 1.
43 White dot left from right denomination value.
1.75 din, deep rose
1 White dot left from the first letter J of JUGOSLAVIJA.
3 din., slate blue
1 White line over letter L in JUGOSLAVIJA.
2 Thin dot between the letters И and Ј in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
3 Pale circle above letters I and J in JUGOSLAVIJA.
4 Pale circle above the first letter J in JUGOSLAVIJA.
5 Letter O in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА broken on the left side.
6 Thin line below the bottom frame, a colored triangle near the top left corner.
7 A colored dot above the letter Л in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
8 Shading lines on King’s forehead above his nose were broken.
Note: stamp to the left with plate flaw II.
9 Large indentation in the bottom frame below the letter O in JUGOSLAVIJA.
10 The collar line is broken.
3.50 din, ultramarine
1 White behind the second letter A in JUGOSLAVIJA.
2 A white dot at the top of the second vertical stroke of the letter И in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
3 Two white vertical lines on top of the letter И in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА.
4 White spot on the letter Д and color disturbance right from it.
4 din, orange
1 Thin horizontal lines above and below the design.
2 Thin horizontal lines below the design.
3 Thin horizontal lines below and left from the design.
4 The bottom frame is broken below the letter G in JUGOSLAVIJA.
15 din, brown
1 White spot at the bottom of the first letter J in JUGOSLAVIJA.
20 din, violet
1 A thin sloping line between letters L and A in JUGOSLAVIJA.
2 White dot inside letter O in JUGOSLAVIJA.
3 White circle above the left-sided denomination.
4 A white dot between the letters G and O in JUGOSLAVIJA.
30 din, rose
1 Horizontal stroke in letter Д missing, white dot between letters O and S.

D. Coincidental varieties

COINCIDENTAL VARIETIES
Perforation errors
1 Double perforation. Yugoslavia 1932 postage stamp error: Double perforation
2 Misaligned perforation (stamps wider than usual). Yugoslavia 1932 postage stamp perforation error
3 Bent pin in the perforating tool (above letters Г and О in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА).
Color spills
1 Color spills. Yugoslavia 1932 postage stamp freak ink smear
A foreign object on a printing plate
1 Foreign objects on printing plates.
Scratches
1 Vertical scratches over the design.
Printing blocks
1 Two lines connecting names СТОЈИЋЕВИЋ-ВАГНЕР.
2 Printing block after ВАГНЕР.
Offsets
1 Offset

E. The Black Armband mourning issues

Stamps with black frames were imprinted in three different procedures, depending of in which production stage the stamps were in.

Yugoslavia 1934 10 din postage stamp
Changed colors, blurred,
spotty and flat print of the
stamps of the first
production procedure
(left stamp).
Sheet borders are also
significant in determining the
procedures as the stamps of
the 2nd production don’t
have them.
Four frame types in a block of four:
III and II in the top row, and
VI and VII in the bottom row.

The first production procedure
Newly produced stamps of all denominations were the first to be issued. They were printed with the same cliches as the issues without frames. Lower denominations from 25 para to 4 din were printed in press sheets of 200 and then split into two sheets of stamps, each having 100 stamps (10×10). Higher denominations were printed in sheets of 100. Characteristics:

  1. Stamps of the first procedure were printed on a press that enabled two-color printing which resulted in the black frame being well centered to the stamp design.
  2. The black frame was impressed in a single step and has therefore no types.
  3. The colors are a bit different than on the stamps without frames, the impression is slightly blurred and spotty, image looks flat.

The 1, 10, and 20 din stamps were printed in two runs. The second run is identifiable by neater perforations, slightly thicker paper, colors lighter, and impressions clearer.

The second production procedure
Large existing stocks of already finalized sheets (printed, gummed, and perforated) without back frames were handed over to the press on January 1st, 1935. All values, except the 1.75 din were overprinted with black frames, and the 20 and 30 din stamps both with and without the engraver’s signature below the bottom frame.

Overprinting of finished sheets proved to be technically demanding due to their dimensions. Borders of sheets had to be manually removed and black frames had to be imprinted in two phases. Even now some frames remained unprinted while others were overprinted twice, resulting in dozens of different frame types. Characteristics:

  1. Print quality and color of stamps correspond to issues without frames.
  2. The quality of the impression of the black frame varies greatly. The frame is usually not well centered and printed with varying amounts of color.
  3. As the sheets of stamps were already perforated when the black frame was printed, the holes of perforation are filled with color, many times visible at the back of the stamp, especially on the margins of the sheet (since the borders were removed).
  4. Presence of frame types.

The third production procedure
At the same time when the finished sheets were handed over to the press for imprinting the black frame, a stock of unfinished sheets was delivered as well. Already printed but not yet gummed and perforated, the sheets were passed through the press for the black frame to be impressed on them and then were finalized. Only three values were produced in this way: 50 and 75 para and 1.50 din. Characteristics:

  1. Print quality and color of stamps correspond to issues without frames.
  2. The black frame is identical to on newly produced stamps from the first procedure but mostly not as well centered.
  3. As the sheets were perforated after the black frame was printed on them, perforation holes are not covered with color.
ISSUES AND CIRCULATIONS OF BLACK ARMBAND ISSUES
Denomination Signature 1st prod. 2nd prod. 3rd prod.
Date Circulation Date Circulation Date Circulation
25 para, black Oct. 17, 1934 12.062.000 Jan. 5, 1935 7.368.200
50 para, green Oct. 17, 1934 1.972.400 Jan. 5, 1935 4.826.600 Jan. 5, 1935 7.700.000
75 para, slate green Стојичевић – Вагнер Oct. 17, 1934 18.082.900 Jan. 5, 1935 2.102.800 Jan. 5, 1935 2.100.000
1 din, red Oct. 17, 1934 9.106.600 Jan. 5, 1935 1.398.500
1.50 din, pink Стојичевић – Вагнер Oct. 17, 1934 33.099.800 Jan. 5, 1935 1.992.700 Jan. 5, 1935 9.800.000
1.75 din, deep rose Стојичевић – Вагнер Oct. 17, 1934 2.311.100
3 din, slate blue Oct. 17, 1934 2.983.700 Jan. 5, 1935 1.787.500
3.50 din, ultramarine Стојичевић – Вагнер Oct. 17, 1934 2.825.100 Jan. 5, 1935 237.500
4 din, deep orange Oct. 24, 1934 1.396.600 Jan. 5, 1935 1.444.200
5 din, purple Oct. 24, 1934 434.900 Jan. 5, 1935 895.800
10 din, brown olive Oct. 24, 1934 1.602.600 Jan. 5, 1935 163.700
15 din, deep brown Nov. 4, 1934 436.300 Jan. 5, 1935 258.300
20 din, dark violet Nov. 4, 1934 642.100 Jan. 5, 1935 104.900
20 din, dark violet Д. ВАГНЕР Nov. 4, 1934
30 din, rose Nov. 4, 1934 212.200 Jan. 5, 1935 234.400
30 din, rose Д. ВАГНЕР Nov. 4, 1934

F. Black frame analysis of the second production procedure

In the second production procedure, the black frames had to be printed in two phases. Special tools had to be made for this task, still, some frames remained unprinted while others were printed twice. Dozens of different frame types exist. According to S. Manželej (Priručnik maraka jugoslovenskih zemalja, Tome 8, 164–209), frame types appear in different layouts within a sheet as different tools for printing black frames exist. Types of frames by different layouts are presented in the table below:

TYPES OF FRAMES OF THE SECOND PRINTING PROCEDURE
Yugoslavia 1934 mourning issue postage stamp pane layout A black frame types Yugoslavia 1934 mourning issue postage stamp pane layout B Yugoslavia 1934 mourning issue postage stamp sheet types of black frame layout C
Layout A:
All values, except 1.75 din. The 20 and 30
din stamps both with and without
the engraver’s signature Д. ВАГНЕР below
the frame.
Layout B:
Only 0.75 para and 1, 5, 10, 15 and 30 din,
the latter both with and without
engraver’s signature.
Layout C:
Is inverted layout A. Only 1, 5
and 10 din were produced in this layout.
TYPES OF FRAMES
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type III/1 front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type III/1 back Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type III/1 Type III/1:

  • double frame on the right,
  • top and left perforation colored.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type II/2 front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type II/2 back Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type II/2 Type II/2:

  • double frame on the left,
  • top perforation colored.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type I/s front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type I/s back Type I/s:

  • top perforation is colored.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type I/10 front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type I/10 back Type I/10:

  • top and right perforations are colored.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type III front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type III back Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type III Type III:

  • double frame on the right,
  • left perforation colored.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type II front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type II back Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type II Type II:

  • double frame on the left.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type I/i front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type I/i back Type I/i:

  • right perforation colored.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type VI front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type VI back Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type VI Type VI:

  • frame on the left unprinted,
  • double frame on the top right and bottom right corner.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type VII front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type VII back Type VII:

  • double frame on the top left and bottom left corner.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type VIII/82 front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type VIII/82 back Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type VIII/82 Type VIII/82:

  • double frames on the left and the bottom.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type IV front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type IV back Type IV:

  • double frame on the bottom.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type X front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type X back Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type X Type X:

  • double frame on the bottom left corner,
  • right perforation colored.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type IX/90 front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type IX/90 back Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type IX/90 Type IX/90:

  • double frame on the top right corner,
  • left and bottom perforations colored.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type V front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type V back Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type V Type V:

  • double frame on top,
  • bottom perforation colored.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type IV/90 front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type IV/90 back Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type IV/90 Type IV/90:

  • double frame at the bottom,
  • right perforation colored.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type V/92-1 front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type V/92-1 back Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type V/92-1 Type V/92-1 (B1):

  • frame split in the lower left corner,
  • bottom perforation colored.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type V/c front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type V/c back Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type V/c Type V/c:

  • double frame on top.
Type V/96:

  • double frame on top,
  • left frame split in the middle.
POSSIBLE CONSTANT VARIETIES OF BLACK FRAME (not mentioned in literature)
1 A white dot on the black frame above the letter Л in ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА. Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame type
COINCIDENTAL VARIETIES
1 Parts of the frame appear to be torn.
Note: In literature, it is suggested that such flaws occur on stamps of the 2nd production procedure that had gum spilled on the face of the stamp. When soaked in water the gum and the black color came off. This can’t be the case with the presented 75 para stamp from the 3rd production procedure, so there must be other reasons as well.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame damaged Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame damaged Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame partially missing
2 Gone through paper print. Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame gone through paper print
3 Border residues.
Note: in the 2nd production procedure sheet borders had to be manually removed as they represented an obstacle to printing a black frame. As this was done manually it wasn’t precise. Sometimes parts of borders remained and were overprinted, as in the case of this Type III stamp. Sometimes stamps got damaged during this process.
Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame border residue front Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame border residue back
4 Black dots (impressions of perforation) on the back of the stamp. Yugoslavia 1934 Alexander stamp black frame black dots back
5 Color spills.

 

References


Bibliography

  1. Katalog poštanskih maraka jugoslovenskih zemalja (1991), Jugomarka (Belgrade), YU ISSN 0351-4447
  2. Novak, Dragan: Priručnik maraka jugoslovenskih zemalja (1948), Tome 8, Filatelistički savez Hrvatske (Zagreb)

Contributors
Some of the images on this page were contributed by mag. Boštjan Petauer FRPSL.